March 15th, 2024
Seoyoon Kim
In response to the criticism of the UK-Rwanda partnership, the UK government amended the partnership several times. For instance, the Safety of Rwanda Bill was published on December 6th, 2023, and was passed into law by the Parliament on April 23rd, 2024. Boris Johnson, the Prime Minister of the UK, claimed, โAnyone entering the UK illegally - as well as those who have arrived unlawfully since January 1st, 2022 - may now be relocated to Rwanda and will be assessed for their claims.โ Yet, it is said that how many removals would realistically be possible is obscure. While the ultimate cost of the policy is unknown, the National Audit Office (NAO) estimated that 200,000 pounds are required for each person, whereas the UK governmentโs Impact Assessment for the Illegal Migration Act expects approximately 106,000 pounds per person for oneโs asylum claim.ย
Despite the UK governmentโs explanations, the UNHCR asserts that the UK-Rwanda arrangement seems to shift the responsibility for making asylum decisions and protecting refugees, further arguing that such a partnership that externalizes asylum obligations poses severe and worrying risks to refugeesโ safety and is incompatible with international refugee laws.ย
The criticism from academia towards the UK-Rwanda treaty is even more severe. Heaven Crawley, a member of the United Nations University Centre for Policy Research with a PhD at Oxford University, claims the policy inadequate because the partnership limits the opportunities for refugees to enter the UK legally. Rwanda lacks practices for managing a large number of refugees. However, Rwanda signed up for the Common Refugee Response Framework, which the United Nations adopted as a commitment to respect the human rights of refugees and migrants.ย
Rwandaโs previous agreement with Israel, through which the majority of refugees did not remain in Rwanda, also concerns many who expect a similar consequence in the case of the UK-Rwanda partnership. Last but not least, the partnership would create a hostile environment or atmosphere that will prevent asylum-seekers from crossing the Channel to the UK in the first place.ย
It has only been 76 years since the United Nations adopted The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The recent UK-Rwanda partnership led by the UK government seems to deter the UNโs efforts for a more equal and safer society. UKโs act of sending refugees to Rwanda in the name of an ambiguous partnership reminds us of the atrocity committed by the world powers during the Age of Exploration and the periods following the age. Developed countries like the UK should not mislead countries with a false promise. Refugees have the right to choose where they go and settle down. Countries, particularly superpowers, should not pass their problems to less developed or developing countries as such attempts would result in an irreversible and tragic state of refugees and human rights in the world.
์๊ตญ-๋ฅด์๋ค ํํธ๋์ญ์ ๋ํ ๋นํ์ ๋์ํ์ฌ ์๊ตญ ์ ๋ถ๋ ์ด ์กฐ์ฝ์ ์์ฐจ๋ก์ ๊ฑธ์ณ ์์ ํ์ต๋๋ค. 2023๋ 12์ 6์ผ์ ๋ฐํ๋๊ณ 2024๋ 4์ 23์ผ์ ์ํ์์ ์์ ๋ฒ์์ ํตํํ ๋, ์๊ตญ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์ค ์กด์จ(Boris Johnson)์ย โ2022๋ 1์1์ผ ์ดํ ์๊ตญ์ ๋นํฉ๋ฒ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ตญํ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ผ๋จ ๋ฅด์๋ค๋ก ๋ณด๋ด์ง๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋๋ฏผ์ ์ฒญ์ ํ๊ฐ๋ฐ๊ฒ ๋๋คโ๊ณ ์ ์ธํ์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ํ์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ตญ-๋ฅด์๋ค ํํธ๋์ญ์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋ง์ ๋๋ฏผ์ ์ฌ๋ฐฐ์น์ํค๋๊ฐ ๊ฐ์์ํฌ ์ ์์์ง ๋ช ํํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ด ์ ์ฑ ์ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ฑ ์ ์ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ต์ข ๋น์ฉ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค.ย ๊ตญ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฌ์(NAO)์ 1์ธ๋น 200,000ํ์ด๋๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ถ์ ํ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ์๊ตญ ์ ๋ถ์ ๋ถ๋ฒ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฒ์ ๋ํ ์ํฅ ํ๊ฐ์์๋ ๋ง๋ช ์ ์ฒญ์ 1์ธ๋น ์ฝ 106,000ํ์ด๋๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์ํ ๋ฟ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์์ฐ์ด๋ ๋น์ฉ๋ ์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.ย
์๊ตญ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฃผ์ฅ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ , UNHCR์ ์๊ตญ-๋ฅด์๋ค ํ์ ์ด ๋ง๋ช ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋๋ฏผ์ ๋ณดํธํ๋ ์ฑ ์์ ๋ ์ฝํ ๋๋ผ์ ๋ ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ์๋ผ๊ณ ๋นํํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ํ ๋ง๋ช ์๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ธ๋ถ๋ก ๋๋ฆฌ๋ ํํธ๋์ญ์ ๋๋ฏผ์ ์์ ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ์ํ์ ์ด๋ํ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ์ ๋๋ฏผ๋ฒ๊ณผ ์๋ฆฝํ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋นํํ์ต๋๋ค.ย
์๊ตญ-๋ฅด์๋ค ์กฐ์ฝ์ ๋ํ ํ๊ณ์ ๋นํ์ ๋์ฑ ์ฌ๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค. ์ฅ์คํฌ๋ ๋ํ์์ ๋ฐ์ฌ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ๋ํ ์ ์ฑ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ผํฐ์ ํ์์ธ ํค๋ธ ํฌ๋กค๋ฆฌ(Heaven Crawley)๋ ๋ณธ ํํธ๋์ญ์ด ๋๋ฏผ๋ค์ด ์๊ตญ์ ํฉ๋ฒ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ตญํ ์ ์๋ ๊ธฐํ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ด ์ ์ฑ ์ด ๋ถ์ ์ ํ๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํฉ๋๋ค. ํฌ๋กค๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฅด์๋ค๋ ๋ง์ ์์ ๋๋ฏผ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ ์์คํ ์ด ๋ถ์กฑํ๊ณ ๋๋ฏผ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ญ๋์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค ์ ์ด ์๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํฉ๋๋ค. ํนํย ๋๋ค์์ ๋๋ฏผ์ด ๋ฅด์๋ค์ ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง ์๋๋ก ํ ๋ฅด์๋ค-์ด์ค๋ผ์์ ํ์ ์ ์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํ๋ฉฐ ์๊ตญ-๋ฅด์๋ค ํํธ๋์ญ์ ๋ง๋ฟ์ธ ์กฐ์ฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋นํํฉ๋๋ค.ย ํ์ง๋ง ๋ฅด์๋ค ์ ๋ถ๋ ์ ์์ ๊ณต๋ ๋๋ฏผ ๋์ ํ๋ ์์ํฌ(Common Refugee Response Framework)์ ์ด๋ฏธ ์๋ช ์ ํ๊ณ , ๋๋ฏผ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ค๋น๊ฐ ๋์๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค.ย
์ ์์ด ์ธ๊ณ์ธ๊ถ์ ์ธ์ ์ฑํํ ์ง๋ ์ด์ 76๋ ์ด ๋์ด๊ฐ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์๊ตญ ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ํ ์๊ตญ-๋ฅด์๋ค ํํธ๋์ญ์ ๋ณด๋ค ํ๋ฑํ๊ณ ์์ ํ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ์ํ UN์ ๋ ธ๋ ฅ์ ํผ๋ฐฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ณด์ ๋๋ค. ์๊ตญ์ด ๋ชจํธํ ํํธ๋์ญ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ผ๋ก ๋ฅด์๋ค์ ๋๋ฏผ์ ๋ณด๋ด๋ ํ์๋ ํํ์ ์๋์ ๊ทธ ์ดํ ์๋์ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋๊ตญ๋ค์ด ์ํํ ๋งํ์ ๋ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์๊ตญ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ง๊ตญ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง ์ฝ์์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฏผ ์ ์ฑ ์ ์๊ณกํ๊ณ , ์์ ๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๊ตญ์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋์๊ตญ์ ๋ ๋๊ฒจ์๋ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ์๋๋ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ๋๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ถ์ ๋์ดํฌ ์ ์๊ณ ๋น๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ํฉ์ ์ด๋ํ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋๋ค.
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