March 1st, 2024
Seoyoon Kim
The refugee crisis is one of the most frequently mentioned issues in current global media; however, we should recognize that it is not a sudden, overnight issue. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), over 117 million people were displaced in 2023, with the number of refugees exceeding 37.6 million at the beginning of 2024. The refugee crisis is a complex issue as it troubles both the refugee community and the refugee-hosting countries. Foremost, the refugees did not choose to leave their own country, but they had to move with no choice due to diverse reasons such as violations of human rights, famine, or climate change. Refugees also become vulnerable to countless risks when they start their inevitable journey. Still, it is equally undeniable that the countries receiving refugees encounter daunting tasks, such as providing adequate supplies, protecting human rights, and sharing limited shelter and resources with residents.
Regardless of such difficulties, many European countries accepted refugees, particularly those fleeing civil wars. Among the countries, however, the United Kingdom (UK) newly announced a partnership with Rwanda regarding the refugee crisis, attempting a new approach to the refugee crisis. Announced as the UK-Rwanda Asylum Partnership, initially named Migration and Economic Development Partnership (MEDP), was established between the UK and Rwanda governments on April 14th, 2022. From the very beginning, this partnership encountered various criticisms. Even domestically, the UKโs Supreme Court declared that the policy was illegitimate since Rwanda was not considered a secure, safe country for asylum seekersโ removal for the following reasons:
Rwandaโs records of human rights.
Severe systematic defects in the process of asylum.
Violations in a similar agreement with Israel by Rwanda removed asylum seekers back to their origin countries.
๋๋ฏผ ์๊ธฐ๋ ํ์ฌ, ์ธ๊ณ ์ธ๋ก ์์ ์์ฃผ ์ธ๊ธ๋๊ณ ์๋ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์๊ฒ ํ๋ฃป๋ฐค ์ฌ์ด์ ์ฐพ์์จ ๊ฐ์ ์ค๋ฌ์ด ์ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๋๋๋ค.ย ์ ์๋๋ฏผ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๋ฌด๊ด์ค(the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR))์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2023๋ ํํด๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์๋, ๋ฌด๋ ค 1์ต 1,700๋ง ๋ช ์ด ๋๋ ๋๋ฏผ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, 2024๋ ์ด๋ฐ์ ์ด๋ฏธย ๋๋ฏผ์ ์๋ 3,760๋ง ๋ช ์ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋๋ฏผ ์๊ธฐ๋ ๋๋ฏผ ์์ ๋ค์ด ์ํด ์๋ ๋๋ฏผ ๊ณต๋์ฒด์ ๋๋ฏผ์ ์์ฉํ๋ ์์ฉ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค ๋ชจ๋์๊ฒ ๋ณต์กํ๊ณ ์ด๋ ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋๋ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก ๋๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ธ๊ถ์นจํด, ๊ธฐ๊ทผ, ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ๋ฑ์ ์ ๋ฐํ ์ด์ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ด์ฉ ์ ์์ด ๋ณธ๊ตญ์ ๋ ๋์๊ธฐ์ ๊ทธ ์ค์ ์ ๊ณ ํต์ ์ด๋ง์ด๋ง ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ค. ๋๋ฏผ์ผ๋ก์ ์ฌ์ ์ ์์ํ๋ ์๊ฐ๋ถํฐ ์ด๋ค์ ์๋ง์ ์ํ์ ๋ ธ์ถ๋๊ธฐ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๋๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ด๋ ค์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ , ๋๋ฏผ์ ์์ฉํ๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค ๋ํ ๋๋ฏผ๋ค์ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋ง์กฑ์์ผ์ผ ํ๋ ์ฑ ์,ย ๋๋ฏผ ์ธ๊ถ ๋ณดํธ, ์ ํ๋ ํผ๋์ฒ์ ์์์ ์๊ตญ์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค๊ณผย ๊ณต์ ํด ์ผํ๋ ์ด๋ ค์ด ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ฉดํ๊ณ ์๋ ํ์ค์ ๋๋ค.ย
๋๋ฏผ ๊ณต๋์ฒด์ ๋๋ฏผ ์์ฉ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋์ ์ด๋ ค์์๋, ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋ฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๋๋ฏผ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค์ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ํด์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋์ต๊ทผ ์๊ตญ์ ๋ฅด์๋ค์ ๋๋ฏผ ์๊ธฐ ๊ด๋ จ ํํธ๋์ญ์ ๋ฐํํ๋ฉฐ ๋๋ฏผ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ ์๋ก์ด ํด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์๋ํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฒ์์๋ ์๊ตญ-๋ฅด์๋ค ์ด์ฃผ/๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ํํธ๋์ญ(Migration and Economic Development Partnership (MEDP)๋ผ๋ ์ด๋ฆ์ผ๋ก 2022๋ 4์ 14์ผ ์๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฅด์๋ค ์ ๋ถ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋๊ณ ๋ฐํ๋์์ต๋๋ค.ย ์ด ํํธ๋์ญ์ ์ฒ์๋ถํฐ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋นํ์ ์ง๋ฉดํ๋๋ฐ, ์๊ตญ ๋๋ฒ์ ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ฅด์๋ค๋ ๋ง๋ช ์ ์ฒญ์๋ค์๊ฒ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ด์ ๋ก ์์ ํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ผ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋นํํ์ต๋๋ค.
๋ฅด์๋ค์ ์ธ๊ถ ์นจํด ๊ธฐ๋ก
๋ง๋ช ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ๊ฒฐํจ
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์๊ตญ-๋ฅด์๋ค ๋ง๋ช ํํธ๋์ญ๊ณผ ๋น์ทํ ๋ฅด์๋ค์ ์ด์ค๋ผ์์ ํ์ ์ ๋ํ ์๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก
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